A Nuclear Mutation Reversing a Biased Transmission of Yeast Mitochondrial DNA

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The highly biased transmission of ρ(-) mitochondrial DNA that occurs in hypersuppressive matings between ρ(-) and ρ(+) cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to be a consequence of the replication advantage of the ρ(-) mtDNA. A nuclear gene, MGT1, that is required for this displacement of ρ(+) mtDNA from zygotic clones has been identified through mutation. When one haploid parent carries the mgt1 allele, transmission of ρ(-) mtDNA is substantially reduced. When both haploid parents carry the mgt1 allele, ρ(-) mtDNA is essentially eliminated from the zygotic progeny. Thus in the absence of the MGT1 gene there is a switch in the transmission bias; ρ(+) mtDNA rather than the hypersuppressive ρ(-) mtDNA is inherited by most zygotic clones. In contrast to its semi-dominant behavior in haploid matings, mgt1 behaves as a recessive allele in diploid matings since the ρ(+) genome in MGT1/mgt1 diploids is efficiently displaced when mated with a MGT1/mgt1 hypersuppressive ρ(-) diploid strain. We find that ρ(+) genomes can be comaintained along with hypersuppressive ρ(-) mtDNA for extended periods in clonal lines derived from MGT1 X mgt1 matings. However, as expected from the recessive nature of the mgt1 mutation, these ρ(+) genomes are eventually eliminated. Our work indicates that MGT1 plays a crucial role in the competition for inheritance between hypersuppressive ρ(-) mtDNAs and the ρ(+) mitochondrial genome. The MGT1 gene product may be a component of a mtDNA replication system that acts preferentially at the rep sequences found in hypersuppressive mtDNAs.

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