Anemia em pré-escolares e intervenção nutricional com snacks fonte de ferro / Anemia in preschoolers and nutritional intervention trial with snacks source of iron

AUTOR(ES)

Thais de Campos Cardenas

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of anemia and to investigate factors associated with its occurrence in children from 2.5 to 6 years-old in Itapetininga, São Paulo, and to compare, through nutritional intervention trial with two types of snacks, with bovine lung and chickpea, changes in the biochemical parameters of nutritional iron status. Methods: A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling was conducted on nine public day care centers, in Itapetininga, being examined 576 children. After informed consent, mothers/fathers answered a questionnaire about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The relationship between the presence of anemia and independent variables were analyzed by regression. The diet intake of children was assessed through 24-hour recall and from the menu offered weekly in day cares. The hemoglobin concentration was determined by Hemocue (capillary blood) and automatic counter (venous blood) for comparison of methods. The observed anemic children were selected to participate in the intervention trial with iron fortified snacks. Sixty seven preschoolers were randomized between 2 groups and received 3 packages with 30 g of snacks a week. Children were examined at the beginning and at the end of trial (about 100 days) through venous blood. Hemoglobin concentration was used for diagnosis of anemia. Grade I and Grade II iron deficiency was diagnosed by transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume and serum ferritin. Results: The prevalence of anemia found in the population was 13.02%. It was observed relationship between age of the child and number of persons in family and the occurrence of anemia. There was no difference in the hemoglobin concentration measured by capillary or venous blood for the children anemic. A significant improvement after the trial was observed in some biochemical parameters: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration, regardless of the snack type consumed and the initial diagnosis. Hemoglobin concentration increased, on average, 0.44 g/dL. The iron consumption remained unchanged before and after the trial and was similar for both groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study show a low prevalence of anemia in the population studied. The consumption of snacks provided a significant increase in the hemoglobin concentration. The advantages and limitations for the use of biochemical parameters have to be considered for the choice of the appropriate method for each situation or goals.

ASSUNTO(S)

alimentos funcionais (aplicações terapêuticas) fortificação suplementação alimentar (efeitos biológicos) pré-escolares anemia (prevalência; estudo clínico) snacks pulmão bovino anemia preschoolers chickpea snacks bovine lung fortification nutrição da criança grão-de-bico

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