Avaliação de matrizes tridimensionais colagênicas como carreadores celulares para a bioengenharia óssea / Evaluation of three-dimensional collagenic matrices as cellular scaffolds to bone bioengineering

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The therapy of bone defects constitutes one of the great challenges of the medicine and dentistry. Although autogenous is considered "gold standart", presents limitations as the necessity of second surgical site, limitation of bone availability and lack of previsibility. Tissue bioengineering appeared as a promising treatment for critical bone defects conjugating three main elements: the patients cells, a scaffold and sinalizing molecules. The biomaterials used as scaffolds must be biocompatible to possibilite proliferation and differentiation of desired cell types, besides presenting low potential to promote inflammatory response. Collagen type I constitutes one of the main products of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone tissue, being later mineralized. The objective of this work was to evaluate the carrier potential of anionic collagen matrices, obtained of bovine pericardium submitted to different hydrolysis times (24h and 48h). The hypothesis was that the hydrolysis times, could influence the processes of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. The potential activation of inflammatory response was evaluated after 24h, 48h and 72h of contact among the different membranes and human macrophages. The quantification of inflammatory mediators (IL-10, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and NO-2) demonstrated significant TGF-beta increase in relation to the control, that disactivates macrophages and stimulates proliferation of cells and wound healing. Scaning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) showed that osteoprogenitor cells, obtained from the endosteum of femur of Balb/c mouse (FOST), had proliferated on the surface of the studied collagenic matrices. However, at the studied experimental times, cells were not observed in the pores of these matrices. The peaks in the quantification of alkaline phosphatase (native membrane, 28 days for matrices hydrolysed for 24h e48h) and quantification of calcium in the membranes (28 days for native membrane and 21 days for the hydrolysed), and vesicles compatible with the mineralization process by transmission electron microscopy - TEM (21 days) indicated differentiation of the FOST cells at the studied experimental times. It was verified higher amount of alkaline phosphatase and calcium in hydrolysed materials in relation to the not hydrolysed. The analysis of Fourier transformed infra red (FTIR) showed phosphate peaks in cell-free membranes, independent of the experimental time, indicating that phosphate could be from membrane chemical treatment and not by mineralization process. The evaluation of biomimetic capacity of the membranes by spectroscopy of dispersive energy (EDS) indicated presence of P and Ca in the evaluated membranes, but they can not be associate to biomineralization. It was concluded that the biomembranes are biocompatible and allow FOST proliferation in its surface. There was an indication of cellular differentiation, mineralization and nucleation of Ca and P. However, the deficience in interconnected porosity in the collagenic matrices limits its indication as scaffolds for tissue bioengineering.

ASSUNTO(S)

collagen wound healing cicatrização de feridas engenharia biomédica in vitro osso biomedical engineering in vitro bone colágeno

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