Cefoxitin and Cephalothin: Antimicrobial Activity, Human Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology
AUTOR(ES)
Brumfitt, William
RESUMO
Cefoxitin, a semisynthetic cephamycin, has been compared with the widely used parenteral cephalosporin, cephalothin, in terms of antibacterial activity, human pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. For both compounds, minimal inhibitory concentrations were within the therapeutic range against the 156 gram-positive cocci tested (except group D streptococci), but cephalothin was 8 to 20 times more active. Regarding the 313 gram-negative organisms tested, both antibiotics were of approximately equal activity against cephalothin-susceptible strains, but cefoxitin was outstandingly superior against Providencia spp. and indole-producing Proteus spp., and markedly better against Serratia marcescens and Bacteroides fragilis. Against these organisms, cefoxitin but not cephalothin would be expected to be therapeutically valuable. Antibiotic activity levels in the serum and urine of 18 human volunteers after parenteral administration were higher and more prolonged in the case of cefoxitin, which had an average terminal serum half-life of about 45 min and a urinary recovery of about 90%. Cefoxitin was entirely nontoxic and, given intramuscularly, slightly less painful then cephalothin. These preliminary results suggest that cephamycins may prove to be a significant chemotherapeutic advance.
ACESSO AO ARTIGO
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=444639Documentos Relacionados
- Pharmacokinetics, Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity, and Safety of Telavancin in Healthy Subjects
- Antiviral effect in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells, pharmacokinetics, and intravitreal toxicology in rabbits of acyclovir diphosphate dimyristoylglycerol.
- Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and activity of intravenous dextran sulfate in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
- Studies of Cephalothin: Aminoglycoside Synergism Against Enterococci
- Amikacin and Cephalothin: Empiric Regimen for Granulocytopenic Cancer Patients