Cercospora zeae-maydis: esporulação, diversidade morfo-genética e reação de linhagens de milho. / Cercospora zeae-maydis: sporulation, morfological-genetic diversity, and reaction in maize lines.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The incidence and severity of cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon &Daniels, increased significantly in Brazil in 2000, being considered today one of the major leaf disease of the crop. Despite this, few researches about the pathosystem come being carried in Brazil. The aims of this work were to identify the suitable culture media and light conditions for sporulation of C. zeae-maydis; to study the reaction of 118 mayze genotypes to pathogen in two different locations (Indianópolis – Minas gerais State and Jardinópolis – São Paulo State); to observe some microscopical aspects of esporulation, germination and penetration in a susceptible maize genotype; and finally to assess morphological and genetic differences among a group of isolates collected in center-south Brazil. The results showed that the better culture media for esporulation was the V8 media and tomato juice, under 12-hours photoperiod. Concerning to genotype reaction to disease, it was possible to verify significant interaction between genotypes and environment, indicanting that environmental or pathogenic factors, distinct between locations, may have influenced the reactions of some genotypes. It was possible to identify highly level of resistance in 12 lines in both places, evidencing the existence of stable genotypes that can be used in breeding programs. Analysis of restriction fragments from ITS-5.8S of rDNA, 104 AFLP loci, and conidial measurements, showed the existence of two genetically divergent groups of C. zeae-maydis in Brazil. These groups are similar to the ones reported previously reported as I and II groups or siblings species. Both groups were detected in all sampled regions, except Goiás State where no isolates from group I were detected. Concerning to microscopic traits, it was possible to verify that the brazilian isolates of this pathogen have the ability for production of microconidia. Twenty six percent of the isolates of the group I produced microconidia, while none of the group II showed this trait. Thus, this is the first report with presence of MC in the group I but absence in the group II. The results showed that Brazilian isolates are very similar to isolates from USA and Africa, occurring both genetic groups.

ASSUNTO(S)

molecular mark cercosporiose milho resistência genética vegetal esporulação fungo fitopatogênico sporulation marcador molecular maize phytopathological fungi vegetable genetic resistance gray leaf spot

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