Compostos nitrogenados e de carboidratos em pastos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Cameroon manejados com intervalos de desfolhação fixo e variáveis / Nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions in elephant grass pastures (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon), managed with fixed and variable defoliation intervals

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The present study designed to characerize the protein and carbohydrate fractions of elephant grass pasture (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Cameroon, intensively grazed at high stocking rate during the rainy season. The experiment was carried in the Animal Sciences Department of the University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ). Forage samples were collected during autumn and spring/2006 and summer/2006-07. Two defoliation intervals (DI) were adopted, fixed and variable. For the fixed DI treatment experimental animals had access to the paddocks every 27 days, and for the variable DI treatment experimental animals had access to the paddocks when the sward reached 1,05m height, corresponding to 95% light interception. Forage samples were analyzed for chemical composition and protein and carbohydrate fractions by chemical methods and with "in situ" degradation technique. Pasture was also analyzed for pre-grazing forage mass (kg DM ha-1) , morphologic composition, pre and post grazing sward heights. A completely randomized design with repeated measures was used for pasture determinations. For protein fractions (A, B, C) determinations, an in situ trial was developed using four rumen canulated steers. 5mm ground forage samples were conditioned in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 96 and 120 hours. The experimental design was a replicated 2x2 Latin square. The defoliation interval length did not differ (P>0,05) among treatments, in any season. Pre-grazing sward heights were higher (P<0,05) for the variable DI treatment. A season effect (P<0,05) was observed for post-grazing heights, with lower values observed on spring (0,43 and 0,51m) and higher on summer (0,56 and 0,57m) for both treatments. No differences (P>0,05) were observed among treatments for total forage mass. Only forage CP content was affected by treatments, with lower values (P<0,05) for variable DI. DM, NDF, ADF, lignin and ADIN were not different (P>0,05) among treatments. Protein B2 fraction was affected, showing higher values (P<0,05) for variable DI treatment. Fractions A and B3 were different among seasons, with lower fraction A and higher fraction B3 values during autumn (P<0,05). No differences were observed for fractions B1 and C (P>0,05). During summer carbohydrate fractions A + B1 showed the lowest values among seasons (13,80 and 16,22% for fixed and variable DI), and B2 fraction showed the highest values (76,59 and 73,42 %) (P<0,05). No differences were observed for DM and OM degradabilities variables (P>0,05). For NDF degradability significant differences were observed only PD and ED variables with 2%/h passage rate for fixed DI treatment. Microbial contamination adjustment resulted in higher protein A and lower protein B fraction values. No effects were observed (P>0,05) for microbial contamination adjusted CP variables, except for B fraction that showed higher values during autumn (73,3 and 73,69%) and lower during spring with variable DI (55,87%).

ASSUNTO(S)

pasture. capim elefante pastagens. carbohydrate defoliation nitrogen compounds lephant grass carboidratos compostos de nitrôgenio desfolha

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