Doses e risco de radiação em estudo tomográfico computadorizado do tórax com tecnologia de quatro cortes

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The computerized tomography (CT) is an important method for studying chest pathologies to provide its morphological and functional analysis and to allow a specific therapeutic approach of signs or symptoms resulting from diseases. Since CT uses ionizing radiation, it should be considered that a precise balance between risks and benefits must be achieved in order to justify the adoption of such technique. Radiation protection of patients undergoing radiological exams is established based on the justification and optimization principles. Nowadays, it is important to know the dose radiation levels to which a patient is exposed during a tomographic procedure. Those are given by the estimation of specific dosimetric quantities called the computed tomography dose index in air, CTDI100,air and the weighted computed tomography dose index CTDIw , and the organ absorbed doses that are given to the patient during a chest CT with a single scanning. In this work, the CTDI100,air and the CTDIw were determined through measurements with a pencil ionization chamber free-in-air and in a trunk phantom.Results werecompared to values provided by the manufacturer and those that were calculated by computational methods. The protection quantities organ absorbed dose and effective dose, which are relevant to this work, were determined with a computational program from the IMPACT group. The dose length product DLP level was calculated from the CTDI100, air and compared to the reference dose level established by the European Community. Risk values were estimated based on the organ absorbed doses according to the procedure recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Although the significant increase on diagnostic information, results showed that x-ray dose levels from four-array multidetector CT system in a single-scanning were not so different to the published one from studies with the conventional and helical techniques. CTDIw and DLP values got in this work agreed with the diagnostic dose reference levels recommended by the European Community as standard for good practices. Organ doses provided by the studied chest tomography technique also agreed with those values published elsewhere. Although the dose results showed a large uncertainty in their values, it was observed that radiation risks were large in lungs, breast, bone marrow and esophagus.

ASSUNTO(S)

dosimetria técnicas de diagnóstico diagnostic techniques tomografia computadorizada doses de radiação computerized tomography dosimetry radiologia medica tórax radiation doses chest

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