Effect of Bothrops alternatus snake venom on macrophage phagocytosis and superoxide production: participation of protein kinase C
AUTOR(ES)
Setubal, SS, Pontes, AS, Furtado, JL, Kayano, AM, Stábeli, RG, Zuliani, JP
FONTE
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2011
RESUMO
Envenomations caused by different species of Bothrops snakes result in severe local tissue damage, hemorrhage, pain, myonecrosis, and inflammation with a significant leukocyte accumulation at the bite site. However, the activation state of leukocytes is still unclear. According to clinical cases and experimental work, the local effects observed in envenenomation by Bothrops alternatus are mainly the appearance of edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In this study we investigated the ability of Bothrops alternatus crude venom to induce macrophage activation. At 6 to 100 ¼g/mL, BaV is not toxic to thioglycollate-elicited macrophages; at 3 and 6 ¼g/mL, it did not interfere in macrophage adhesion or detachment. Moreover, at concentrations of 1.5, 3, and 6 ¼g/mL the venom induced an increase in phagocytosis via complement receptor one hour after incubation. Pharmacological treatment of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages with staurosporine, a protein kinase (PKC) inhibitor, abolished phagocytosis, suggesting that PKC may be involved in the increase of serum-opsonized zymosan phagocytosis induced by BaV. Moreover, BaV also induced the production of anion superoxide (O2_) by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. This BaV stimulated superoxide production was abolished after treating the cells with staurosporine, indicating that PKC is an important signaling pathway for the production of this radical. Based on these results, we suggest that phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of local tissue damage characteristic of Bothrops spp. envenomations.
Documentos Relacionados
- BaltDC: purification, characterization and infrared spectroscopy of an antiplatelet DC protein isolated from Bothrops alternatus snake venom
- Bothrops alternatus snake venom induces apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells in a rabbit model
- The pharmacological effect of Bothrops neuwiedii pauloensis (jararaca-pintada) snake venom on avian neuromuscular transmission
- Effect of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine on neutrophil superoxide production: role of cytosolic free calcium.
- Heparin and commercial bothropic antivenom against the paralyzing effect of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom