Enriquecimento com CO2 por meio de compostagem para a cultura do tomateiro em ambiente protegido / CO2 enrichment by compost pile for tomato plant culture in protected environment

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of composting pile as a CO2 source and its effect on tomato productivity, fruits quality and photoassimilate partition. Two autumn-winter crops in years 2005 and 2006 had been carried at Department of Plant Science, at Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State. It was used a randomized complete blocks design with eight repetitions in the year 2005 and with 12 repetitions in the year 2006. In the first year were used cultivars Andrea, Deborah Plus and Rebeca and in the second one the cultivars Andrea and Alambra. The plants were grown in a protected environment (AP normal), protected environments with CO2 enrichment (AP + CO2), and in the field, under natural conditions. Composting was used as a CO2 source for AP + CO2. The following items were evaluated: the total and marketable yield, precocity index, fruit quality characteristics concerning the total soluble solid content (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), and the ratio total soluble solids/total titratable acidity (TSS/TTA). In the year 2006 were evaluated the thickness of mesocarp, firmness of fruit, photoassimilate partition and dry matter (DM) accumulation. The composting was efficient as a CO2 source, raising de concentration to approximately 750 L/L. The CO2 enrichment did not changed the productivity of plants, however, a higher early yield in the cultivars Andrea and Deborah Plus in the year 2005 was observed. In the 2005s crop, pH ranged from 3,79 - 4,40, with higher values in the AP normal. In 2006s crop didnt have difference on pH of the Andrea fruits, and Alambras pH was higher on AP normal. The TSS content ranged between 2.94 - 4.88 Brix, and was higher in fruits produced in the field in the year 2005, except for fruits of Andrea that was similar between the environments. In the 2006, TSS was similar in AP + CO2 and field. TTA ranged from 0.23 - 0.30%, and in the year 2005, only cv. Andrea showed variation between environment, being higher in the field. A higher acidity was also observed in the year 2006 in fruit produced in the field. The TSS/TTA ranged from 11.90 - 16.75 and, in 2005, was highest for cv. Rebeca grown in the field. In 2006, already, the ratio on Andreas fruits was similar on AP + CO2 and in the field, and in Alambra was higher in the AP + CO2. DM accumulation was higher in protected environments compared to the field. Andrea accumulated 786.39 g of DM/pl in the AP + CO2, 815.49 g/pl on AP normal and 637.41 g/pl in the field. The Alambra accumulated 766.68 g of DM/pl in the AP + CO2, 824.35 g/pl on AP normal and 592.44 g/pl in the field. The biggest drain of photoassimilates were the fruits, which accumulated 59%, 63% and 72% of DM produced by plants in the AP + CO2, AP normal and field, respectively. The CO2 enrichment did not affect photoassimilates partition in Andrea and Alambra cultivars.

ASSUNTO(S)

produção carbon dioxide lycopersicon esculentum dióxido de carbono qualidade lycopersicon esculentum production fitotecnia quality

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