Mortalidade infantil em Londrina (PR) em anos recentes : características e percepções de gestores e profissionais de saúde

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Infant mortality reaches a population group of liveborn infants younger than one year of age, who are vulnerable to life conditions, both to intra and extra-uterine environments. Knowing the causes of deaths and factors associated to them may provide valuable information to health care providers for improving health care. Therefore, this study had two approaches: one quantitative study that described and compared the infant mortality profiles in Londrina municipality in two biennia: 2000-2001 and 2007-2008; and one qualitative study that analyzed the perceptions of managers and health care professionals who worked or have been working in maternal infant care about factors that contributed to the decline of infant mortality rate in the municipality as well as the actions still in need for the continuity of the reduction of this indicator. For the quantitative study, data were collected from records of the Municipal Committee of Prevention of Maternal and Infant Mortality and from the electronic database on live births in Parana State. Data for the qualitative study were obtained through interviews with 38 health professionals selected by snowball sampling. The results of the quantitative study indicate that the children born at the end of the 2000’s decade had a smaller risk of dying in their first year of life compared with those born in the 2000-2001 biennium. In both biennia, more than a half of the deaths occurred in the neonatal period, and the two main underlying causes of death were perinatal conditions and congenital malformations. The newborns were mostly affected by maternal factors and by complications of pregnancy, placenta, cord and membranes. There was a greater risk of dying at the second biennium for liveborn children whose mothers had 35 years or more of age (Relative Risk [RR]=1.07) and for those whose mothers had 12 years or more of schooling (RR=2.13). In the second biennium, it was observed a reduction in mortality rate among children of teenagers mothers (RR=0.70). In relation to type of delivery, at the beginning of the 2000’s decade, the liveborn children through cesarean section had a smaller risk of dying compared with the ones born through vaginal delivery, but at the end of the decade this situation reversed. The risk of dying decreased, at the second biennium, for the newborns with low birth weight, prematures and with Apgar scores ≤ seven at the first minute of life. However, it increased for infants born from multiple pregnancies. Results of the qualitative study show that the perceived contributory factors for the reduction of infant mortality were: life conditions, health care, the health sector and other sectors’ policies and practices’ role, and the formation of human resources. The current challenges are concerned with the quality of attention, although questions towards human resources, public policies and expansion of services remain.

ASSUNTO(S)

mortalidade infantil - prevenção recém-nascidos - mortalidade maternal and infant welfare assistência à maternidade e à infância garantia de qualidade dos cuidados de saúde infant mortality prevention

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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