1. Distribution of Echovirus Antibody in Serum, Nasopharynx, Rectum, and Spinal Fluid After Natural Infection with Echovirus Type 6

By employing the techniques of radioimmunodiffusion and autoradiography and by using 32P-labeled echovirus 6 as the antigen, the distribution of echovirus 6 antibody in serum, nasopharynx, rectum, and spinal fluid was studied in a group of children with naturally acquired echovirus type 6 infection, with or without meningeal involvement. The response in seru

2. Transgenic mouse model for echovirus myocarditis and paralysis

Echoviruses have been implicated in multiple human disease syndromes, including aseptic meningitis, paralysis, and heart disease, but no animal model is available for studying the pathogenesis of infection. Production of human integrin very late antigen 2, a receptor for echovirus type 1, in transgenic mice conferred susceptibility to viral infection. Intrac

National Academy of Sciences.

3. Fatal case of echovirus type 9 encephalitis.

Enteroviruses are rare causes of acute focal encephalitis. A fatal case of echovirus type 9 infection is reported in a 9 month old boy who presented with a fever and a macular rash followed by two focal seizures. Echovirus type 9 was isolated from lung tissue after seven days.

4. Interaction between echovirus 7 and its receptor, decay-accelerating factor (CD55): evidence for a secondary cellular factor in A-particle formation.

Soluble forms of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) (CD55), the receptor for echovirus 7, were synthesized in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant protein containing SCR domains 2, 3, and 4, but lacking the serine/threonine rich region, was shown to block infection of susceptible cells by echovirus 7. In contrast to the situation with poliovirus and

5. Acute Flaccid Paralysis from Echovirus Type 33 Infection

During a community echovirus type 33 outbreak, the virus was detected in the feces and cerebrospinal fluid of a 3-year-old boy with right arm weakness that followed a mild nonspecific febrile illness. This is the first time an association between echovirus type 33 infection and acute flaccid paralysis has been reported.

American Society for Microbiology.

6. Reaction pattern of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies to echovirus 11 structural proteins.

The immunoglobulin M and G specific immune response of humans to echovirus 11 proteins during an echovirus 11 outbreak was studied by the immunoblot technique. Whereas immunoglobulin G antibodies were directed most exclusively to the VP 1 protein, the immunoglobulin M antibodies were directed against VP 1, VP 2, and VP 3.

7. Distribution of Echovirus Antibody in Serum, Nasopharynx, Rectum, and Spinal Fluid After Natural Infection with Echovirus Type 6

8. Cap-binding complex protein p220 is not cleaved during echovirus 22 replication in HeLa cells.

Previously we demonstrated that echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus which does not shut off host cell protein synthesis. We extend these findings by showing that echovirus 22 does not cleave p220, part of the cellular cap-binding complex necessary for cap-dependent translation, suggesting a biology more consistent with cardioviruses than enteroviruses.

9. Decay-accelerating factor (CD55), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored complement regulatory protein, is a receptor for several echoviruses.

Echoviruses are human pathogens belonging to the picornavirus family. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface protein that protects cells from lysis by autologous complement. Anti-DAF monoclonal antibodies prevented echovirus 7 attachment to susceptible cells and protected cells from infection. HeLa cells spec

10. Virion conformational forms and the complex inactivation kinetics of echovirus by chlorine in water.

Aberrant inactivation kinetics were observed when monodispersed echovirus type 1 (Farouk) was inactivated with chlorine. An initial 1- to 2-log10-unit decrease in titer was followed by lag period, during which the titer stayed the same or increased, and this was followed by a final decline in titer. First-order kinetics were obtained with poliovirus type 1 u

11. Influence of pH, salinity, and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment.

This study was designed to determine the degree of adsorption of enteric viruses to marine sediment and factors controlling this association. Adsorption and elution characteristics of several enteroviruses and one rotavirus to estuarine sediments were studied under varying conditions of pH, salinity, and presence of soluble organics. Greater than 99% of the

12. Echovirus 1 replication, not only virus binding to its receptor, VLA-2, is required for the induction of cellular immediate-early genes.

Induction of immediate-early genes c-jun, junB, and c-fos was demonstrated during echovirus 1 infection in a human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cell line. Tenfold induction was seen at 10 h postinfection, corresponding approximately to the end of the first replication cycle of the virus. Echovirus 1 uses VLA-2 integrin as its cellular receptor, and ligand bindin